Wednesday, December 12, 2012

Students and Parents

No reading homework. Math homework- page 181 in big book. Study spelling and vocabulary words for tomorrow's test.
Mrs. Langford- math- finish page 189
Continue to study science study guide on the human body system.
Library books are due back on 12/18

Monday, December 10, 2012

December Newsletter

Mrs. Brown’s Newsletter

December 10, 2012

Parents and Students,

We have two more weeks left for school before we are out for the Christmas Holidays! Yeppiiee!!! Ok, don’t get too happy because we have to finish strong. Here is the agenda for the last two weeks:

-Ident-a-Kid pictures will be taken tomorrow. Please send in $7.00 for 1 ID or $10.00 for 3

-Alabama Choir tryouts will be 12/12

-Scoliosis test for 5^th grade will also be 12/12- If you do not want your child to be tested, please send back the form that was sent home on Thursday of last week.

-Junior Achievement day is this Friday. We will have a representative come to teach the students about the business world for the day.

-Classroom Christmas Party will be 12/19- if your child signed up to bring in a small gift for another student, it will be due on the day of the party. If you signed up to bring in items for our party, please also have that here on the day of the party. Lastly, everyone needs to bring in a $5.00 gift card for our Elf Exchange game. If anyone has a coffee earn that will help keep our Cider warm, please let me know.

-Final science exam will be on 12/17. This is a big exam. It will be about every body system that we have learned about. Please make sure your child is studying their Study guide.

-Astronomy Projects assignments will go home today! Please review the scoring rubric with your child. The project will be due on January 8^th.

-Grade work will go home today. Please send back your child’s essay regardless of the grade they received. I must say that I am very happy about their improvements with their writing skills. The next writing prompt will be given out today and will be due on 1/11/2013.

-Spelling and vocabulary words are posted on the blog. Please review for this Friday’s Test.

-Yearbook purchases are due on 12/12/12

-Our very own Brett Leckness has won first place in the Spelling Bee Competition. He will go on to represent Englewood Elementary in the City Schools competition. Please wish him luck!

Tuesday, December 4, 2012

Digestive System Notes

Digestive system Notes

-The digestive system is responsible for breaking down our food and allowing our body to absorb proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

-4 foods that help with constipation and that are high in fiber- apples, prunes oatmeal, and beans

-4 foods that causes constipation- cheese, milk, bananas, and peanut butter

-The pancreas and the liver send enzymes to break down food

-the gallbladder sends enzymes to break down fats

-Common digestive diseases- Gastrities- inflammation of the linning of the stomach. Gastroesphaegeal- acid reflx. Ulcerative Colitis- Inflammation of the large intestines and the rectum.

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Lesson 27 Vocabyulary Words

Remote- A place far away from cities and towns
Laden- If something is laden, it is weighed down with a heavy load
Appalled- Someone who is appalled is shocked and horrified at something
Grueling- A grueling experience is extremely difficult and exhausting
Invest- To invest money in a project means that your put your funds into it, with thh hope that in the furture, it will earn more money
Isolated- A place that is isolated is a long way from large towns and is difficult ot reach
Floundered- People or animals that have floundered have made wild movements trying to get something done

Vocabulary Words 26

Asset- an asset is a resource, person, or object that is valuable to have.
Intently- When you do something intently, you do it with great concentration
Profusely- Something done profusely is done in great quantity
Ordeal- An ordeal is very difficult experience that is unpleasant to go through
Terrain- is the kind of land that is found in a place; for example terrain might be rocky, hilly, or swampy.
Dismal- something that is dismal is bleak and depressing
Peril- peril is great danger
Esteem – to esteem something means to judge it to be of value .

Spelling/Vocabulary 25

Vocabulary Words 25

Loathe- if you loathe something, you hate it.

Bland- Something that is bland is dull and unexciting.

Mentor- A mentor is a trusted person who gives a person helpful advice

Dilapidated- A dilapidated building looks worn out and run down

Coordination- Coordination involves organizing the different parts of something so that they work well together

Altruism- Altruism is being concerned about others before worrying about oneself

Sensibility- a sensibility is a special awareness in a certain area; for example, a person can have an artistic sensibility or a musical sensibility.

Advocacy- Advocacy is giving support to a person, idea, or cause.

Mistreated- If something is mistreated, it is used in a way that harms or hurts it.

Compassionate- A compassionate person is kindhearted and understanding.

Spelling/Vocabulary Test 24

Excursion- Excursions are short journeys or outings.

Giddy- If you feel giddy, you feel happy in a silly, dizzy way.

Pinnacle- The pinnacle of a building is a tall, pointed piece at its top.

Gleeful- A person who is gleeful is excited and happy, sometimes is a result of someone else's mistake.

Panic- Panic is a strong feeling of fear and anxiety that makes a person act unreasonably or without thinking carefully.

Turbulent- Something that is turbulent, such as air or water, has strong currents which change direction suddenly.

Precious- If something is precious to you, it has value and special meaning to you.

Vocabualry words 22

Vocabulary words

Somberly- when you act somberly, you speak and act in a serious way

Stammers- A person who stammers speaks with difficulty, often stopping or repeating himself or herself

Monopolize- People who monopolize something control it and prevent others from using it.

Deflated- if someone feels deflated, he or she has lost confidence about something

Enrapture- A person who is enraptured is delighted and thrilled with something

Enterprising- People who are enterprising do new and difficult things in order to achieve their goals.

Cumbersome- Something that is cumbersome is large, heavy, and difficult to handle.

Lesson 21

Spelling Words

Incompetent, uphold, inconsiderate, indecisive, outrank, inhumane, inorganic, income, invertebrate, outgoing, outpatient, outspoken, outwit, downbeat, downgrade, downplay, downtown, uplift, upstage, uptight.

Challenge word- Agrizoophobia

Vocabulary Words

Basking- if an animal is basking, it is exposing itself to warmth in the sun

Sleek- Something that is sleek is smooth

Vital- Something that is vital is necessary for life.

Damage- if you damage something, you harm or injure it.

Analyzing- a scientist who is analyzing something is studying it closely to figure out how it works or what it is made of.

Detect- when you detect something, you notice or discover it.

Spelling/vocabulary words 20

Scours- If someone scours a place for something, he or she searches it thoroughly

Appropriate- If you wear appropriate clothing, you choose an outfit that is right for the situation

Practical- Something that is practical is useful

Portable- Something that is portable can be moved or carried by hand

Circulate- When you circulate, you move freely around and area.

Protrude- to protrude is to stick out.

Boisterous- A boisterous person or animal is noisy and have lots of energy.

Deduction- A deduction is a conclusion you reach, based on the information you have been given

Fickle- Fickle people keep changing their minds about what they like or want.

Measly- a measly amount of something is a very small amount

Spelling words-

Irreplaceable, immature, indefinite, illiterate, independent, applicant, accountant, insistent, novelist, technician.

Challenge word-

Triskaidekaphobia

Spelling Vocab 19

Steal, Steel, waste, waist, weak, week, base, bass, pain, pane, flair, flare, dual, duel, stationary, stationery, flower, flour, sight, site,
Challenge words: alter, altar

Vocabulary
Irrepressible- a feeling or action that cannot be controlled or held back
Feat- a difficult act that impresses people
Industry- all the people and companies that make a certain type of product or provide a certain type of service
Tendency- To have a habit of doing something in a certain way
Device- an object that has been made for a special purpose
Prestigious- something that is highly respected and admired

Spelling/Vocabulary words 18

courteous, hazardous, humorous, monstrous, porous, curious, furious, glorious, delirious, fictitious

challenge word- frivolous

Vocabulary

Compartments- an item that has compartments has seperate sections for keeping things.

Swayed- something that swayed was moving back and forth

Phobia- to have a phobia is to be terrified of something without having a good reason for the fear.

Invasion- an invasion happens when someone interrupts or distrubs you in an unwelcome way

Vetoed- if someone has vetoed something, he or she has rejected it.

Wispy- something that is wispy is thin, lightweight, annd easliy broken.

Week 17 Spelling and Vocabulary words

Spelling-

accountant, applicant, attendant, defiant, mutineer, expectant, hesitant, quadrant, resistant, servant, dependent, indulgent, insistent, urgent, auctioneer, accompanist, artist, cellist, technician, novelist

Challenge word- beautician

Vocabulary Words-

hiatus- a break for a period of time between events

embarked- if you have embarked on a journey, you have begun a new adventure.

unimaginable- if something is unimaginable, it is impossible to think that it might happen or exist.

extravagant- something extravagant is much more costly or elaborate than what is really needed.

gourmet- gourmet is food that is expensive, rar, or carefully prepared

throng- a throng is a crowd of people

precarious- in a precarious situation, things are uncertain and can suddenly become dangerous.

Spelling/Vocabulary Words 16

Tempted- if you are tempted to do something, you really want to do it, even though you know you shouldn't.

Insight- if you have insights, you notice or understand important things that other people may not see.

Essence- The essence of something is its most basic important quality.

Indication- an indication is a sign that something exists or might happen

Proposed- if a person proposed somthing, he or she suggested it.

Instinct- an instict is a natural, almost automatic waythat people or animals react to things

Baffled- someone who is baffled by something cannot understand or explain it.

Spelling words

inactive, inaccurate, irregular, irrelevant, ineffective, imbalance, immature, impatient, imperfect, impossible.

Bonus- irreconcilable

Spelling and Vocabulary Words 12/12

Recount- If you recount a story, you tell what happened

Uninhabitable- a place that is uninhabitable cannot be lived in

Sustain- if you sustain something, you keep it going by giving it what it needs.

Monotonous- if something is monotonous, it is repetitive and boring.

Endeavor- an endeavor is an activity or task you take on in an effort to accomplish it.

Dwell- the place where you dwell is where you live

Brimming- something that is brimming, is filled to the top

Teeming- something that is teeming is overflowing with life or energy.

Parched- something that is parched is dried out from lack of water

Sorrowful- if you feel sorrowful, you feel sad.

Spelling words

Enemy, fanatic, honest, ocean, slogan, reclaim, reconsider, uninformed, unwise, nonexistent, digestible, enjoyable, admissible, argument, amazement, priceless, capitol, general, mayor, theater.

Challenge Word-Lithium

Spelling and Vocab Wk 14

Spelling
Polar, proper, sandal, saucer, original, theater, tutor, musical, cinnamon, accidental, elevator, factual, intentional, barrel, cannon, capitol, civil, clever, discover, frozen, general, hidden, inventor, mayor, pepper.

Vocabulary
Elongate- something that stretches to a longer length
Elastic- something that easily stretches
Rigid- an object that does not change shape easily
Accumulate- things that collect over time
Underlying- Something that is located beneath something
Intricate- Something that is complicated or involved and has many small parts or details.
Vanish- To disappear suddenly
Replenish- Something needs refilling to make it complete again

Lesson 13 Spelling and vocabulary words

Bellowing- A bellowing sound is a loud , low-pitched sound, usually made to show distress.
Outcast- an outcast is someone who has been rejected or driven out by others
Reputation- a person’s reputation is what he or she is known for.
Betrayed- if you betrayed someone who trusted you, you let that person down.
Yearning- a yearning is a great desire to have something that you may never be able to get.
Withered- something that is withered is dried up and faded
Escapades- escapades are carefree, mischievous, or reckless adventures.
Unfathomable- if something is unfathomable, it cannot be understood or known.
Spelling words- development, dispensable, enjoyable, digestible, divisible, irresistible, admissible, appointment, argument, payment, amazement, priceless, judgment, resentment, embarrassment, boundless, ageless, aimless, motionless, worthless.
Challenge word- credible

12 Spelling and Vocabulary words lesson 12

Spelling Words

Reenter, refried, reconsider, repaint, reform, replay, retake, remake,

Reclaim, replant, unable, uninformed, undesirable, untold, unwise, nonconductor, nonproductive, nonexistent, nonflammable, nondairy

Challenge- nonessential

Vocabulary Words-

Adjust- when you adjust, you change your behavior to fit a new situation.

Resident- residents are the people or animals that live in a place

Specimens- specimens are examples of things scientists collect in order to study

Recoil- to recoil means to jerk suddenly

Pesky- something this is pesky is annoying but not important

Internal- something this is internal is inside a person, and object, or a place.

Debris- debris is scattered pieces of something that has been destroyed.

November 13 Spelling/Vocabulary Words

Storyteller, poem, letter, journal, writing, clusters, purpose, topic, gather, sentences, author, paragraphs, pencils, paper, thinking, imagine, typing, email, texting, form

Challenge Word- descriptive

Vocabulary Word
-Prewriting: getting ready to write stage. This stage includes choosing a topic, thinking of a purpose, form, and your audience.
-Brainstorming: Choosing a topic, listing all words and phrases that come to your mind, and looking for a relationship among the items.
-Clustering: another technique to help you to get started with writing. Write your topic in a circle centered on a sheet of paper, draw lines from the circle and add main ideas. Add branches with details and examples.

November 26 Spelling and Vocabulary Words

Spelling Words-

reading, model, subject, idea, hook, party, folder, follow, smarter, shoulders, counting, chime, light, everything, breathe, circle, relax, student, teacher, connect.

Challenge Word-
Miscellaneous

Vocabulary Words-

Matter- anything that takes up space and has mass. It can be solid, liquid, or gas.

Mass- the amount of matter in something.

Gravity- the force that causes objects to move toward one another.

Radiation- the process of giving off energy in the form of rays or waves.

Convection- the up and down movement of heat through liquids and or gases. As gases or liquids warms they rise, and as gases or liquids cools they fall.

Conduction- The transfer of heat between objects or substances that are in direct contact with each other.

Solar- energy from the sun

Meteorologist- a scientist who studies the weather

Orbit- to travel in a curved path around the Sun or a planet

Rotate- to turn or spin on an axis

Challenge Word- Volume: the amount of space an object takes up.

Spelling/Vocabulary words lesson 11

Enemy, balance, basis, closet, decent, define, eleven, fanatic honest, humor, minute, model, protest, ocean, pretend, private, radar, second, slogan, editor.
Challenge Word: Elaborate

Inflammable- Something that is inflammable can catch fire easily and burn rapidly.

Dignified- To act in a dignified way means to behave in a calm, serious, and respectful manner

Rowdy- People who are rowdy are noisy, rough, and out of control

Seldom- If something seldom happens, it hardly ever happens

Conducted- A person who has conducted an activity has led it and guided it.

Shatter- when something shatters, they break suddenly and violently into small pieces

Broached- A ship has broached has veered onto its side and is in danger of sinking.

10 Spelling and Vocabuy

Spelling Words Lesson 10

Bundle, vehicle, struggle, hurtle, triple, hurricane, golden, journey, hospital, excellent, message, arrange, whisper, terrific, expression, conclude, merchandise, technique, accomplish, orchestra

Vocabulary Words

Eminent- An eminent person is well know and important

Charity- Charity is showing kindness by giving money or gifts to organizations that need them

Modest- A modest person does not brag or show off

Disgruntled- If you are disgruntled, you are unhappy because things have not turned out the way you wanted

Inadequate- Something that is inadequate is not as good as large as it needs to be.

Aghast- if you are aghast, you feel shocked and disgusted about something.

Dismayed- When you are dismayed, you are upset about something and unsure of how to deal with it.

Amends- When you amend something, you make positive changes, such as amending a shopping list or a recipe.

Absentminded- Someone who is absentminded forgets thing easily.

Concoction- A concoction is a mix of different thing, often put together without much planning.

9 Vocabulary and Spelling Words Lesson 9

Congress, English, Fortress, expression, conclude, complain, complex, distrust, contribute, explode, umbrella, merchandise, remembrance, concrete, goggles, portray, techniques, accomplish, function, membrane

Challenge Word: Embroidery

Vocabulary Words-
Scholars- Scholars are people who have studied certain topics and know a lot about them

Specialized- Someone who has specialized in something has given it most of his or her time and attention
Gesture- A gesture is something you say or do in order to express a feeling to someone.

Envisioned- If you have pictured something in your mind, you have envisioned it.

Proportion- if something is in proportion, none of its parts are too large or too small

Resisted- If a person or an object has resisted, that person or object was very difficult or impossible to change.

8-Spelling and Vocabulary words 10-12

Entire, hospital, public, combine, golden, chimney, pretzel, survive, absorb, turmoil, wisdom, journey, condition, whisper, identify, establish, furnace, capture, marvelous, nursery.

Challenge Word- utensils

Vocabulary words:

Crucial-extremely important

Crisis-a situation that is very dangerous or difficult

Maneuvered- to move or guide carefully

Perseverance- try hard and never giving up

Encountered-to meet someone unexpectedly

Persuading-getting someone to agree with your plan or opinion

Appealed-to make a request with a lot of feelingDestiny- to believe that certain things happen because they were meant to be

Lesson 7 Spelling/Vocabulary

Spelling-
Suppose, hurricane, ballad, bellow, success, appeal, announcer, tissue, excellent, terrific, collect, slippery, common, arrange, suffer, follow, kennel, squirrel, message, summary.
Challenge Word- marriage

Fret- When you fret about something, you keep thinking and worrying about it.
Assured- If someone assured you of something, he or she has said words to make you feel positive that things will be alright
Nudged- If you nudged a person or thing, you pushed it or poked it gently
Outlandish- If something is outlandish, it is bizzare, stranged, and unusual.
Ruckus- To raise a ruckus is to make a lot of noise and fuss about something
Proclaimed- If you have announced something to a group of people, you have proclaimed it.

Lesson 6 Spelling and Vocabulary Words 9/26

Drizzle, gobble, meddle, shuffle, bundle, pickle, hobble, topple, hurtle, vehicle, struggle, wiggle, spindle, speckle, griddle, ripple, article, triple, jingle, bugle.

Challenge Word: Resources

Vocabulary Words

Wistful- If you are wistful, you feel as though your wishes probably won't come true.

Grateful- To be grateful is to feel thankful for someone or something.

Grim- If something looks grim, it appears serious and forbidding.

Raspy- A raspy noise sounds rough and harsh, like sandpaper scraping wood.

Swarmed- If animals have swarmed, they have moved quickly and gathered in large numbers.

Revelers- Revelers are people who are having fun at a lively party or celebration.

Irresistible- Something that is irresistible is difficult to turn away from.

Vocabulary/ Spelling Lesson 5 Theme Review

Genial- A genial person is warm and friendly

Prognostication- A prognostication is a forecast or prediction

Stricken-If you are stricken, you are suddenly and badly affected by something, such as illness or fear

Dramatically-If something is done dramatically, it is done in a striking or impressive way

Restrain-If you restrain something, you hold it back or limit it.

Protest- A protest is a way of demonstrating that you are against something.

Feverishly- If you are working feverishly, you are working quickly and excitedly

Overcome-WHen you are overcome by something, you are overpowered by it

Flop- A flop is a faliure

Spectacular- Something that is spectacular is very impressive and draws a lot of attention

Spelling Words

Stretch, does, measure, reason, coach, kneeling, twice, rayon, appoint, scoop, drawn, feud, jewel, fraud, royalty, hurried, scared, changing, buying, obeyed.

Challenge Word- Cephalopod

Vocabulary Spelling Lesson 4

Vocabulary
Eccentric –an eccentric person has habits or opinions that seem odd to other people
Infuriated –Something that infuriated you made you feel extremely angry
Relented-Someone who has relented has agreed to something he or she once refused.
Crusaded-A person who has crusaded has worked hard to make a change based on his or her beliefs
Disheartened-If you are disheartened, you feel disappointed and less hopeful
Impassable- A road or path that is impassable is impossible to travel on.
Faze- If things faze you, they bother or confuse you.
Spelling Word
Talked, hurried, smiling, dropped, clapping, stepped, worried, worrying ,changing, stayed, buying, dried, picnicking, scared, driving , obeyed, playing ,tried, carried, hurrying.
Challenge Word- Conquered

Vocabulary and Spelling Words Lesson 3

Pried-If you have pried something off, you have forced it away from a surface

Deperately- Wanting something desperately means wanting it so much that you'll do almost anything to get it.

Sneered-If you sneered at someone, you showed with your words and expression that you had little respect for that person

Indignantly-When you say something indignantly, you show irritation because you feel you have been insulted or treated unfairly

Urgently- If you urgently tell someone to do something, it is important that it be done right away

Grudgingly- If you say something grudgingly, you say it without really wanting to.

Spelling words-

counter, fraud, oyster, appoint, drawn awning, laundry, feud, shawl, jewel, royalty, powder, annoying, cashew, scoop, bamboo, brows, ointment, rooster, rescue

Challenge word- turquoise

Vocabulary and Spelling Week 2

Vocabulary Words-

Maven- is someone with special knowledge about a particular subject

Mortified- if you feel mortified, you feel extremely embarrassed or ashamed

Reigned- if someone has reigned, he or she has been very important in a particular place

Conceited- A conceited person thinks too highly of herself or himself

Designated- if a place is designated, it has been chosen for a special purpose

Smirk- A smirk is an unkind smile

Exhilarated- if someone exhilarated you, it made you feel very excited and energetic

Spelling words

Needle, speech, reason, crease, thief, fade, obtain, faint, steep, rayon, eager, shadow, kneeling, mild, coach, smoke, twice, human, teenage, niece.

Ecosystem Vocabulary

Food Chain- the way that energy flows from one organism to another in an ecosystem.

Food Web- Shows how all food chains in an ecosystem relate to one another

Herbivores- eat only plants

Omnivores- eat both plant and animal

Carnivores- eat only meat

Producers- use the sun’s energy to make food through a process call photosynthesis

First Level Consumers- Eat only producers (herbivores)

Second Level Consumers- Eat producers and first level consumers

Third level Consumers- Eat Second level consumers (Carnivores)

Decomposers- Organisms like bacteria that break down dead plant and animal matter and release their nutrients back into the soil.

Ecology- The study of relationships between plants and animals in their environment

Mutualism- relationship between two organisms that both benefit

Commensalism- relationship between two organisms where only one benefits and the other is not harm and doesn’t benefit from it.

Paracitism- Relationship between two organisms where only one benefits and the other is harmed

Biotic- living factors in an ecosystem

Abiotic- Non-Living factors in an ecosystem

Habitat- A place or natural conditions in which a plant or animal live

Niche- a habitat that is suitable for a particular plant or animal, it describes the role of the organism, or what it does in its habitat.

Know the 6 different Biomes of the World-

· Deciduous Forest

· Tropical Rain Forest

· Taiga

· Tundra

· Desert

· Grassland

Vocabulary Words Lesson 1

Humiliation- is to feeling of shame or embarrassment
Expectations- are hopes about how well others will do or about how they should behave
Fringes- the place of an area along its edges, far away from the center of action
Hesitating- if your are hesitating, you are pausing before doing something because you are feeling unsure
Sincere- If you are being sincere, you are being honest, and you mean what you say
Coaxed- if you are coaxed into doing something, you are gently talked into it by someone else.

Bandage
Measure
Swept
Plaid
Switch

Spelling/Vocabulary 27

Mass- The amount of matter in an object

Volume- The amount of space an object takes up

Density- The amount of mass per unit volume

Chemical Energy- chemical changes that are related to food, burning, batteries, and matches.

Mechanical Energy- physical for that is related to compressed springs, sretched rubber bands, a bow and arrow, and a hammer.

Potential Energy- Stored energy; when an object has the potential to do work.

Kinetic Energy- Energy in motion; an energy an object possess due to its motion

Light Energy- visible energy produced from the electromagnetic spectrum

Hydrospere- all of the water on earth

Geosphere- All of the mountains, soil, sand, dirt, rocks, and magma on earth.

Atmosphere- All of the gas in the air

Biosphere- All of the living animals and plants.

Challenge Word- Anthrosphere- sphere that includes humans and everything they made on the planet such as buildings, bridges, cars, and also pollution.

Spelling/vocabulary words

Spelling/Vocabulary Words marked with an * Asterisk Lesson 26

*Acid: A solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour".
*Base: A solution that has an excess of OH- ions. Another word for base is alkali, how much something is base is called its “Alkalinity”
*Aqueous: A solution that is mainly water. Think about the word aquarium. AQUA means water. Strong Acid: An acid that has a very low pH (0-4). Strong Base: A base that has a very high pH (10-14). Weak Acid: An acid that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution. That means not every molecule breaks apart. They usually have a pH close to 7 (3-6). Weak Base: A base that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution. That means not every molecule breaks apart. They usually have a pH close to 7 (8-10).
*Neutral: A solution that has a pH of 7. It is neither acidic nor basic.

*hydrogen ions (H+)

*hydroxide ions (OH-).

*Indicator- Something used to test the PH of a solution

4 Main indicators- Red Cabbage Juice, Black Tea, Litmus Paper

*PH- Stands for Power of Hydrogen

*Robert Boyle- Irish chemist first labeled substances acid or base

*Litmus- a dye extracted from lichen turns red with acids and turns blue with bases

Second Half of lesson 14 words

Science Study Guide

BROWN

Human Body Study Comprehensive Exam: 11/17/2011

(Quiz Date- 10-25) Respiratory system- All the parts to the body that work together to breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide is the respiratory system

· Why do we breathe faster when we exercise? We need to supply our muscles with enough oxygen and to get rid of waste, carbon dioxide. Just as a burning log gives off heat and light energy, the cells in your body produce energy by breaking apart sugar. Cells need energy to perform chemical reactions and work properly. For energy production to take place, cells need oxygen.

· The diaphragm helps us move air in and out of the lungs. When we inhale, the diaphragm contracts or pushes downward and flattens, and when we exhale the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its dome shape.

· The epiglottis closes and shuts like a trapped door. It is located at the bottom of the throat and behind the trachea. When we swallow the epiglottis, it flips down automatically to keep food from going down the trachea.

· Bronchial tubes are located at the bottom of the trachea and branch off into many smaller branches.

· When we try to hold our breath, the brain detects the increase in carbon dioxide levels, signaling the lungs to inhale and exhale.

(Quiz Date: 10-28) Circulatory System

· The heart pumps blood through the veins, arteries, and the capillaries.

· It is responsible for bringing oxygen and nutrients to all the cells in the body from the respiratory and the digestive system.

· It takes carbon dioxide and waste away from cells.

· The arteries carries Oxygen rich blood and the veins carry carbon dioxide and other waste away from the organs and back to the lungs for exhale and to the kidneys for fluid waste.

· Arteries are red and veins are blue

· The capillaries are tiny tubes that connects the arteries and the veins

(Quiz Date- 11-2) Urinary (Excretory) system

· This is the system that filters or cleans the blood of waste.

· Parts of the Urinary system: Two Kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra.

· As blood flows through the kidneys, some water, sugars, salts, and the nitrogen wasted called urea are removed from the blood. The removed substances flow up and down long tubes inside the kidneys. As they do, the blood absorbs back all the sugars, salts, and water the body needs. The clean blood flows back out of the kidneys. The waste flows as urine into collecting ducts called ureters to be stored in the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder is a muscular bag that has a ring of muscles at the bottom that holds the bladder tightly shut. Urine filling the bladder stretches the bladder wall causing the wall nerves to signal the brain that the bladder should be emptied. Each day the kidneys produce about a quart of urine each day.

· About 70 percent of the human body is water. Blood and saliva are mostly water. There is water in cells and in between cells in tissue fluid.

· It is important for you to drink enough water each day to replace the water lost in urine, sweat, and in the water vapor given off when exhaling.

(Quiz- 11-4) Endocrine System

· Endocrine system consists of glands. A gland is and organ that sends chemical messengers called hormones to other parts of the body. Hormones are “dumped” into the blood and are carried to where they are needed. The body produces over 50 different types of hormones. Endocrine glands are throughout the body: Thyroid gland (in the neck)- controls the body’s metabolism or how the body provides energy. Adrenal Glands- (above the kidneys) are involved in the body’s reaction to dangerous or frightening situations. The pancreas- (in the abdomen) maintains blood sugar levels.

(Quiz- 11-8) Nervous system

· The nervous system sends messages to the brain. The brain interprets the message and sends a new message to muscles throughout the body.

· It controls how the body acts and moves

· The nervous system is made up of specialized cells call neurons.

· Neurons send and receive messages in the form of electrical impulses. They act like electric wires, although the impulses they carry are very different from electricity.

· The brain is the central organ of the nervous system. I

· The human brain is composed of 100 billion neurons.

· Extending the brain is a thick cord of nerve cells call the spinal cord.

· The spinal cord is protected by a thick series of bones called the vertebra. These thick bones make up your vertebrae

(Quiz- 11-15) Muscular and Skeletal System-

· 3 types of muscle tissue- Smooth, cardiac, skeletal. Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles because they contracts without your control. Cardiac Muscles- found only in the heart and are also involuntary. Skeletal Muscles- are voluntary muscles and are attached to the bone. They pull on the bone and move them. Skeletal muscles help shape the body and protect its internal organs.

· Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, a jellylike substance inside the bones that is composed of, among other things, fat, blood, and special cells that turn into the various kinds of blood cells. In children, the marrow of most of the bones produces blood. But in adults, only the marrow of certain bones -- the spine, ribs, pelvis, and some others -- continues to make blood. Bone marrow that actively produces blood cells is called red marrow, and bone marrow that no longer produces blood cells is called yellow marrow.

· The different kinds of blood cells have different "life spans" -- red blood cells last about 120 days in the bloodstream; platelets about 10 days; and the various kinds of white blood cells can last anywhere from days to years.The body has a feedback system that tells it when to make new red blood cells. If bodily oxygen levels are low (as they would be if there are too few red blood cells circulating), the kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates the stem cells in the marrow to produce more red blood cells.

Digestive system (Quiz Already Taken)

· Digestive system begins in the __________________. 6 salivary glands (three on each side of the mouth) help soften and moisten chewed food. The _______________pushes small balls of food to the back of the mouth into the throat. As the food goes down the esophagus, the ________________opens to allow the food to travel down the stomach. It takes 4-6 seconds for the food to travel to the stomach. Acids in the stomach such as hydrochloric acid helps break down the food. Then the food goes into the small ______________, which is about 21 feet long

· It can take 10-20 hours for food to pass from one end of the digestive system to the other.

· The liver is the largest organ inside the human body. It stores vitamins and mineral, makes important proteins, and destroys worn-out blood cells.

· The appendix it the fingerlike projection at the beginning of the large intestine. No one knows what the appendix does, but if the appendix enlarges or becomes infected, it must be removed.

· Helpful bacteria live in the large intestine to produce vitamins people need.

· Eating foods high in fiber are important for the large intestines. Fiber helps the intestine work properly, preventing constipation.

· Some medicine can cause vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, or constipation. Too much caffeine or nicotine can cause stomach to over produce acid causing ulcers and too much alcohol can permanently damage the liver.

(Quiz Already Taken) The Epidermis (Our Skin) largely part of the Integumentary system

Our skin the largest organ of our body. It weighs ________ as much as our brain. Three layers of skin: Epidermis (outer layer), Dermis (middle layer), and the subcutaneous or hypodermic (lower layer). Dermis means true skin. Epi means above, and hypo means below. Our skin helps us to detect, temperature, pain, and pressure. Our skin has nerve endings that send electrical signals to the brain. The mouth area has the most nerve endings, so it is the most sensitive. Our skin keeps us cool by secreting sweat through the __________________.

· Helps regulate our body temperature. When we sweat and the water evaporates, it takes the heat with it. We are most sensitive around our mouth, the tips of our fingers and toes. Our pours dilate or get bigger when we exercise. The sweat is somewhat acidic to help fight off bacteria invasion

· It helps us feel hot, cold, rough, smooth

· The pigment or the color of our skin is dependent upon the amount of melanin. Dark-skinned people have more melanin than light-skinned people. It also acts as a natural sun screen and protects the skin from ultraviolet light. Freckles occur in people of all races are small pockets on the skin that makes a lot of melanin.

Sources

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold/basics/bloodproduction.html

http://library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_Low_Level/Muscular_page.L.html

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/circulat.htm

http://www.skin-science.com/_int/_en/topic/topic_sousrub.aspx?tc=SKIN_SCIENCE_ROOT%5EAN_ORGAN_REVEALED%5ETHE_EPIDERMIS&cur=THE_EPIDERMIS

http://www.innerbody.com/image/digeov.html

Week 6 Spelling and vocabulary words A1-A24

Spelling words

Arteries

Kidneys

Lungs

Neurons

Small intestine

Smooth Muscle

Tendons

Thyroid

Vocabulary words

Respritory system-the respritory brings oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from it. In humans the central organs are the lungs.

Skeletal system-Bones, ligaments, and tendons make up the skeletal system. The skeletal system provides shape and support, protects tissues and organs, ans letthe body move. It also make blood cells.

Musclular system-The muscular system is made up of smooth, cardica and skeletal muscles. Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles because they contract without your conscious control. They control breathing, blood pressure, and movement i nthe digestive system.

Digestive system- The digestive system breaks down food into simpler substances. The mouth, esophagus, liver, panceas, stomach, large and small intestines are all apart of the digestive system.

Circulatory system- The heart is the central organ inthe circulatory system that pumps blood throughout the body. It takes oxygen and nutrients to all the cells of an animals body, and it also takes carbon dioxide and wastes away from the cells.

Endocrine system- The endocrine system consist of glands, and organ that sends chemical messengers called hormones to other parts of the body.

Nervous system - Your nervous system is made up of specialized cells called neurons. The central organ is the brain, which interprets the messages, using over 100 billion neurons!

Excretory system - this system is responsible for ridding the body of wastes.

Lesson 2, Vocabulary and Spelling Words

Maven- A maven is someone with special knowledge about a particular subject.
Mortified- If you feel mortified, you feel exremely embarrassed or ashamed.
Reigned- If someone has reigned, he or she has been very important in a particular place.
Conceited- A conceited person thinks too highly of herself or himself.
Designated-If a place is designated, it has been chosen for a special purpose.
Smirk- A smirk is an unkind smile
Exhilarated- If something exhilarated you, it made you feel very excited and energetic.

needle, speech, reason, crease, thief, fade, obtain, faint, steep, rayon, eager, shadow, saying, mild, coach, smoke, twice, human, teenage, niece.

Challenge word- retrieve
bonus word...will be a surprise. Good Luck!!

Lesson 1 Vocabulary and Spelling Words

Vocabulary Words
Humiliation-is a feeling of shame or embarrassment
Expectations-are hopes about how well others will so or about how they well should behave
Fringes-the fringes of a place are areas along its edges, far away from the center of action
Hesitating- pausing before doing something becasue your are feeling unsure
Sincere- if you are sincere, you are being honest, and you mean what you say
Coaxed-if you are coaxed into doing something, you are gently talked into it by someone else.

Spelling Words
bandage, chest, drift, dull, dusk, stretch, flock, fond, measure, does, scrap, shift, smash, switch, swept, threat, timid, plaid, trust, twist.
Challenge Word
Absences

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